Developing the ability to follow directions is crucial for success in school and life. For students with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), clearly defined and measurable goals in this area are essential. This post outlines strategies for crafting effective goals focused on following directions, incorporating various complexities and contexts. We'll explore different approaches, focusing on clarity, measurability, and achievable progress.
Understanding the Nuances of "Following Directions"
Before crafting IEP goals, it's vital to understand the multifaceted nature of this skill. It's not simply about listening; it encompasses several cognitive and behavioral components:
- Auditory Processing: Understanding spoken instructions.
- Working Memory: Remembering multiple steps or details.
- Attention: Maintaining focus on the task and instructions.
- Organization: Sequencing steps logically.
- Self-Regulation: Controlling impulses and staying on task.
- Following Multi-Step Directions: This involves handling sequences of instructions.
- Following Directions in Different Contexts: This accounts for variations in settings (classroom vs. playground), instruction delivery (oral vs. written), and task complexity.
Creating Measurable IEP Goals for Following Directions
Effective IEP goals must be SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound. Here are examples illustrating different levels of complexity:
Goal 1: Following One-Step Directions (Beginner)
Goal: Given a single, verbally presented instruction, [Student's Name] will accurately follow the direction 80% of the time across three consecutive observation sessions in the classroom setting.
Measurable Aspects:
- Specific Direction: Clearly defines what kind of instruction (e.g., "Pick up the red crayon," "Sit at your desk").
- Percentage of Accuracy: Provides a quantifiable measure of success.
- Consecutive Observation Sessions: Ensures consistent performance.
- Setting: Specifies where the goal will be assessed.
Goal 2: Following Two-Step Directions (Intermediate)
Goal: Given a two-step instruction presented verbally, [Student's Name] will accurately complete both steps in the correct sequence 70% of the time across four consecutive observation sessions during independent work periods.
Measurable Aspects: Builds upon Goal 1 by adding complexity (two steps) and a slightly lower success rate, acknowledging the increased challenge.
Goal 3: Following Multi-Step Written Directions (Advanced)
Goal: Given a written instruction with three to five steps, [Student's Name] will correctly complete all steps in the appropriate sequence on 60% of assigned tasks within a six-week period.
Measurable Aspects:
- Written Instructions: Addresses a different mode of instruction.
- Number of Steps: Specifies the level of complexity.
- Sequence: Emphasizes the importance of order.
- Percentage of Success: Provides a measure of performance over multiple tasks.
- Time Frame: Sets a realistic time limit for progress.
Goal 4: Following Directions in Different Contexts (Advanced)
Goal: [Student's Name] will independently follow multi-step directions (both verbal and written) with 75% accuracy across three different settings (classroom, small group, and during transition activities) over a period of eight weeks.
Measurable Aspects: Demonstrates adaptability and generalization of the skill.
Strategies to Support Goal Attainment
- Visual Supports: Use visual aids like picture schedules or checklists.
- Chunking Instructions: Break down complex directions into smaller, manageable steps.
- Repetition and Practice: Provide opportunities for repeated practice in various contexts.
- Positive Reinforcement: Reward success to motivate and encourage.
- Modeling and Role-Playing: Demonstrate the desired behavior.
- Adaptive Techniques: Consider modifications based on the student's needs (e.g., using simplified language, providing extra time).
By carefully crafting SMART goals and employing appropriate support strategies, educators can effectively help students with IEPs improve their ability to follow directions, fostering independence and academic success. Remember to regularly monitor progress and adjust goals as needed.
